Glossary I

Instrumental motivation is defined as Interest in learning a second language for utilitarian purposes such as job advancement.

Instrumental orientation refers to the characteristic of Kohlberg’s Stage 2, in which moral reasoning is based on the aim of looking out for one’s own needs

Instrumental reminiscence is defined as reminiscence that emphasizes past accomplishments, past efforts to overcome difficulties, and the use of past experiences to approach current difficulties.

Instrumental role refers to a a social prescription, often directed toward males, that one should be dominant, independent, assertive, competitive, and goal-oriented

Instrumental style is a term in Path–Goal Theory, a leadership style in which the leader plans and organizes the activities of employees.

Instrumental values refer to the values placed on doing things that are challenging, reflected in the amount of time spent on and the degree of satisfaction achieved in such actions.

Instrumentality refers to a style of communication that focuses on reaching practical goals and finding solutions to problems.

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Instrumentation refers to a threat to internal validity from changes in the measurement instrument that occur during the time a research study is being conducted. Instrumentation is also known as Instrumental bias or Instrumental decay.