- Manic depression (bipolar affective disorder) : - Manic depression (bipolar affective disorder) : Manic depression, also known as bipolar affective disorder, is characterised by swings in a person's Mood from high to low. People experience periods of Depression that can bring on disturba nces in sleep and eating, and periods of mania that begin with unusually high energy and euphoria which can lead to irritability and sometimes delusions. The length of these mood swings can vary from a few days to several months, and can occur without warning.