- Mary Whiton Calkins (1863-1930) : Mary Whiton Calkins she satisfied all the requirements for a PhD at Harvard, but she was denied the degree because she was a woman. Calkins, inspite of such restrictions, made significant contributions to the study of Verbal learning and Memory and to Self Psychology. Being elected the first female president of the American Psychological Association in 1905 is one of the many honors she received.