Glossary B

Between-group designs refer to Research designs in which two (2) or more separate groups of participants each receive a different kind of treatment.

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Between-Subjects Design refers to a research design in which different groups of participants are randomly assigned to an experimental condition (exposed to one or more experimental treatments) or to a control condition (not exposed to an experimental treatment ).

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Between-subjects experimental design refers to an experimental design using separate, independent groups of individuals for each treatment condition being compared. Between-subjects experimental design is also known as an Independent-measures experimental design.

Betweenness refers to the degree to which a Group member"s position in a network is located along a path between other pairs of individuals in the network.

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Beverly Prossor was the first African-American female psychologist.

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Bewilderment in the context of psychology refers to a state of confusion, perplexity, or disorientation that individuals may experience when faced with unfamiliar or overwhelming situations, ideas, or emotions. It is a complex emotional and cognitive response that can manifest in various ways and is often linked to feelings of uncertainty and being mentally overwhelmed. In this article, we will explore the concept of bewilderment in psychology, provide examples, discuss risks and application areas, offer recommendations, briefly touch on historical and legal aspects, and conclude with a list of similar psychological phenomena.

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Biarticular muscles refer to the muscles that, from origin to insertion, cross two (2) different joints, allowing them to perform actions at each joint.

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Bias refers to a tendency to think in a certain way or to follow certain procedures regardless of the facts of the matter. It also refers to a situation in which assessment information produces results that give one group an advantage or disadvantage over other groups because of problems in the content, procedures, or interpretations of the assessment information; a distortion or misrepresentation of performance.