Glossary A

Deutsch: Apertur / Español: Apertura / Português: Abertura / Français: Ouverture / Italiano: Apertura

In psychology, the term Aperture refers to the cognitive or perceptual mechanism that determines the scope and focus of attention, influencing how individuals process and interpret sensory and conceptual information. Unlike its optical counterpart in physics, psychological aperture governs the selective filtering of stimuli, shaping decision-making, memory encoding, and behavioral responses. Its study intersects with fields such as cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and human-computer interaction, where understanding attentional constraints is critical.

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Aperture problem refers to a situation in which only a portion of a moving stimulus can be seen, as when the stimulus is viewed through a narrow aperture. This results in misleading information about the direction in which the stimulus is moving.

Apex of the cochlea refers to the end of the basilar membrane farthest from the middle ear.

Apgar refers to the system developed by Virginia Apgar, M.D., that assesses the general physical condition of a newborn infant for five (5) criteria: (A) activity/muscle tone (P) pulse rate (G) grimace and reflex irritability (A) appearance/skin color (R) respiration

Apgar scale refers to a measure of a newborn's health that assesses appearance, pulse, grimace, activity level, and respiratory effort.

Apgar scoring method refers to assessment method of the newborn based on heart rate, respiration, muscle tone, response to stimulation, and skin color.

Aphasia refers to the loss or impairment of previously acquired abilities in language comprehension or production that cannot be explained by sensory or motor defects or by diffuse brain dysfunction.

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Aphasic refers to a person who has a disorder of language ; usually associated with damage to the left hemisphere of the brain

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