Glossary B

Bipolar cell refers to a type of neuron in the retina that receives input directly from the receptors

Bipolar cells are nerve cells in the visual system that combine impulses from many receptors and transmit the results to ganglion cells; retinal neurons that receive inputs from the visual receptors and send signals to the retinal ganglion cells. Bipolar cells make dual connections forward and outward to the ganglion cells, as well as backward and inward to the third layer of retinal cells

Bipolar Disorder refers to a a mood disorder characterized by severe alterations in mood which are usually episodic and recurrent.

Bipolar Disorder (BP) refers to a type of mood disorder characterized by an ongoing combination of extreme highs and extreme lows. An episode of mania is an abnormally elevated or expansive mood, and feelings of euphoria are an exaggerated sense of well-being. The highs may alternate with lows, or both extremes may be felt at about the same time.

Bipolar I disorder refers to a mood disorder in which a person has episodes of mania - excited, hyperactive, energetic, grandiose behavior and also periods of deep depression;

Bipolar II disorder refers to a mood disorder in which a person is mostly depressed (sad, despondent, guilt ridden) but has also had one or more episodes of mild mania (hypomania ); a condition with only mild manic phases, characterized mostly by agitation or anxiety. Moreover, Bipolar II disorder refers to the same patterns of symptoms found in Bipolar I, but without the same degree of disability. Bipolar II disorder is less severe, does not lead to psychotic behavior, and typically does not require hospitalization.

Bipolar neurons refer to neurons with two (2) axons.

Bipolar self refers to the tension between the grandiose self - "I deserve to get what I want” and an idealized view of parents forming the two (2) poles of the Bipolar self.