Glossary M

Moral affect refers to the emotional component of morality, that includes feelings such as empathy, guilt, shame, and pride in ethical conduct

Moral anxiety is defined as anxiety that occurs when one is punished for expressing ID impulses and come to associate those with punishment. Moreover, Moral anxiety refers to anxiety that arises from the concern that a person will act in a way that conflicts with the standards of his or her conscience.

Moral behavior refers to the behavioral component of morality; actions that are consistent with one’s moral standards in situations in which one is tempted to violate them.

Moral development is definea as the development of values, beliefs, and thinking abilities that act as a guide regarding what is acceptable behavior; the acquisition of the principles or rules of right conduct and the distinction between right and wrong.

Moral disengagement is defined as the ability to avoid self -condemnation when engaged in immoral behavior by justifying one’s actions as appropriate, minimizing their effects, or blaming others for one’s conduct

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Moral enterprise refers to a term which encompasses all the efforts a particular interest group makes to have its sense of propriety enacted into law.

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Moral exclusion is the perception of certain individuals or groups as outside the boundary within which one applies moral values and rules of fairness. Moreover, Moral exclusion is a psychological process whereby opponents in a conflict come to view each other as undeserving of morally mandated rights and protections. On the other hand, Moral inclusion is regarding others as within one's circle of moral concern.

Moral identity is defined as the sense in which a person defines himself/herself in moral terms and evaluates his/ her behavior against moral standards that represent an integration of parental socialization about caring for others, an appreciation for the cultural and social contexts of moral actions, and experiences that have required moral action.