Glossary / Lexicon

Deutsch: Kognitive / Español: Cognitivo / Português: Cognitivo / Français: Cognitif / Italiano: Cognitivo /

Cognitive that which pertains to cognition, the process of knowing and, more precisely, the process of being aware, knowing, thinking, learning and judging.

The study of cognition touches on the fields of psychology, linguistics, computer science, neuroscience, mathematics, ethology and philosophy. "Cognitive" comes from the Latin word "cognoscere" which means "to become acquainted with". Cognoscere is made up of "co-" + "gnoscere" which means to come to know. Epistemic is another term for Cognitive.

Description

Cognitive psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on the study of mental processes such as "attention, language use, memory, perception, problem-solving, creativity, and thinking." It examines how people acquire, process, store, and retrieve information. Cognitive psychologists explore how individuals understand, think, and remember information. They also investigate how individuals organize and make sense of their world. This field is interested in understanding how cognitive processes contribute to everyday behaviors and experiences.

Application Areas

• Education - understanding learning processes and creating effective teaching methods
• Clinical psychology - diagnosing and treating cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease
• Human-computer interaction - improving user interfaces and technology design for better user experience
• Neuroscience - studying brain functions and cognitive processes through brain imaging techniques

Treatment and Risks

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) - a common treatment approach for various mental health conditions
• Risks may include maladaptive cognition leading to negative emotions and behaviors
• Overuse of cognitive strategies may lead to cognitive fatigue or burnout

Examples

• Memory - studying how information is stored and retrieved over time
• Problem-solving - investigating strategies and decision-making processes
• Attention - understanding how focus and concentration affect cognitive tasks

Similar Concepts and Synonyms

• Intellectual processes
• Mental activities
• Cognition

Articles with 'Cognitive' in the title

• Broad-spectrum cognitive-behavior therapy: Broad-spectrum cognitive-behavior therapy : Broad-spectrum cognitive-behavior therapy refers to the use of a broad array of cognitive-behavioral intervention techniques to modify an individual's health behavior
• Cognitive adaptation: Cognitive Adaptation in the context of psychology refers to the process by which individuals adjust their thinking, perception, and understanding in response to new information, experiences, or changes in their environment
• Cognitive appraisal model: Cognitive appraisal model refers to Lazarus’ theory of how thinking plays a strong role in stress. It was Richard Lazarus ’ theory of why people get stressed and defined as the imbalance between the demands placed on the individual and . . .
• Cognitive appraisal theories of emotion: Cognitive appraisal theories of emotion : Cognitive appraisal theories of emotion refer to- theories holding that emotions result from people's interpretations and explanations of events, in the absence of any physiological arousal
• Cognitive architecture: Cognitive architecture refers to a term used in cognitive research referring to abstract, symbolic descriptions of the human cognitive processing system
• Cognitive assessment: Cognitive assessment is a term used in Clinical child psychology and Pediatric psychology which refers to assessment of the cognitive factors that may mediate a child's behavioral, emotional, or medical problems
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) refers to the treatment focused on changing negative patterns of thinking and solving concrete problems through brief sessions in which a therapist helps a client challenge negative thoughts, consider alte . . .
• Cognitive behaviorism: Cognitive behaviorism refers to an approach that combines behavioral principles with cognition, such as perception, thinking, anticipation to explain behavior
• Cognitive closure: Cognitive closure: Cognitive closure refers to the psychological desire to reach a final decision swiftly and completely- also, the relative strength of this tendency, as indicated by a preference for order, predictability, decisiveness, an . . .
• Cognitive complexity: Cognitive complexity refers to a cognitive style or way of construing the environment characterized by the ability to perceive differences among people
• Cognitive complexity and control (CCC) theory: Cognitive complexity and control: Cognitive complexity and control (CCC) theory : Cognitive complexity and control (CCC) theory is the proposal that there are age-related changes in the complexity of rule systems that children can represe . . .
• Cognitive conceit: Cognitive conceit refers to Elkind’s term for children in Piaget’s stage of concrete operations who put too much faith in their reasoning ability and cleverness
• Cognitive Control: Cognitive Control refers to the ability to create subjective realities for oneself, or as directed by a leader- the power of an individual or group to give different meanings to situations
• Cognitive costs: Cognitive costs refers to an approach to the study of stress that emphasizes how stressful events tax perceptual and cognitive resources, draw off attention, or deplete cognitive resources for other tasks
• Cognitive development: Cognitive development refers to age-related changes that occur in mental activities, such as attending, perceiving, learning, thinking, and remembering
• Cognitive disorders: Cognitive disorders refer to disorcers such as Dementia, Delirium, or Amnesia characterized by impairments in Cognition, such as deficits in memory, language, or planning and caused by a medical condition or by substance intoxication or wit . . .
• Cognitive dissonance: Cognitive dissonance refers to tension that arises when one is simultaneously aware of two inconsistent cognitions. For example, dissonance may occur when we realize that we have, with little justification, acted contrary to our attitudes o . . .
• Cognitive dissonance theory: Cognitive dissonance theory refers to a model proposed by Leon Festinger, which states that awareness of consonant cognitions makes humans feel good, whereas awareness of dissonant cognitions makes humans feel bad
• Cognitive distortions: Cognitive distortions refer to systematic errors in reasoning, often stemming from early childhood errors in reasoning- an indication of inaccurate or ineffective information processing
• Cognitive economy: Cognitive economy refers to a principle of hierarchical semantic networks such that properties and facts about a node are stored at the highest level possible
• Cognitive Flexibility: Cognitive Flexibility in the context of psychology refers to the mental ability to switch between thinking about two different concepts, and to think about multiple concepts simultaneously
• Cognitive impairment: Cognitive impairment: Cognitive impairment refers to a breakdown in a person's mental state, which may Affect the person's ability to think clearly. It may also Affect moods and induce Fear and/or anxiety
• Cognitive interference: Cognitive interference: Cognitive interference is a term used in the study of human sexuality that refer to negative thoughts that distract a person from focusing on the erotic experience
• Cognitive interview: Cognitive interview: Cognitive interview refers to a technique that is used to enhance the accuracy of a witness's information- the use of various cues and strategies to improve the memory of eye witnesses
• Cognitive miser model: Cognitive miser model: Cognitive miser model refers to a view of information processing that assumes people usually rely on heuristics to make judgments and will only engage in careful, thoughtful processing when necessary
• Cognitive misers: Cognitive misers describe the idea that people are so limited in their ability to think and make inferences that they take mental shortcuts whenever they can
• Cognitive neoassociation model of aggression: Cognitive neoassociation model of aggression refers to a theory of harm-doing proposing that aversive events activate the schemas for fight and flight, which elicit the emotions of anger and fear - whether people respond with aggression or . . .
• Cognitive neuropsychology: Cognitive neuropsychology : Cognitive neuropsychology refers to one of the four (4) approaches in the study of human cognition that is based on the study of the patterns of cognitive impairments shown by brain-d- amaged patients in order . . .
• Cognitive neuroscience: Cognitive neuroscience : Cognitive neuroscience refers to one of the four (4) major approaches in the study of human cognition that involves the use of several techniques for studying the brain functioning to identify the processes and st . . .
• Cognitive priming: Cognitive priming: Cognitive priming : Cognitive Priming refers to a phenomenon in which the presentation of cues previously associated with Aggression can cause someone to behave aggressively
• Cognitive psychologists: Cognitive psychologists : Cognitive psychologists refer to kind/type of psychologists whose Research focus is analysis of the mental processes underlying judgment, decision making, problem solving, imagining, and other aspects of human th . . .
• Cognitive Psychology: Cognitive Psychology refers to the study of higher mental processes and structures, such as the storage, transformation, and manipulation of information
• Cognitive rehearsal: Cognitive rehearsal refer to a means of using imagination to think about having a positive interaction or experience. For example, to imagine a positive interaction with one's future in-laws
• Cognitive response theory: The Cognitive response theory refers to a model of persuasion that assumes that the impact of a message on attitudes depends on the thoughts evoked by the message
• Cognitive restructuring: Cognitive restructuring refers to a type of cognitive therapy that teaches an individual how to identify negative, irrational beliefs and replace them with truthful, rational statements
• Cognitive science: Cognitive science refers to an interdisciplinary approach to studying the mind and mental processes that combines aspects of cognitive psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and computer science- a cross . . .
• Cognitive self-guidance system: Cognitive self-guidance system : Cognitive self-guidance system is a term in Vygotsky’s theory which refers to the use of private speech to guide problem-solving behavior
• Cognitive style: Cognitive style refers to a habitual and/or preferred means of approaching cognitive tasks - the trait-like pattern of behavior an individual uses when approaching a problem-solving situation
• Cognitive tempo: Cognitive tempo: Cognitive tempo refers to a cognitive style dimension along which people differ in terms of their ability to respond slowly and carefully as opposed to quickly and with errors
• Cognitive therapies: Cognitive therapies refer to therapeutic approaches that focus on changing people's maladaptive thought patterns and beliefs.
• Cognitive therapy: Cognitive therapy: cognitive therapy refers to treatment approach that involves identifying and altering negative thinking styles related to psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety and replacing them with more positive belief . . .
• Cognitive Therapy: Cognitive Therapy : Cognitive therapy refers to a therapy stemming from the belief that emotional disorders are caused by irrational yet habitual forms of thinking- these patterns are viewed as behaviors that the therapist can try to help . . .
• Cognitive unconscious: Cognitive unconscious refers to the range of mental structures and processes that operate outside awareness but play a significant role in conscious thought and action
• Cognitive-behavioral approach: Cognitive-behavioral approach is a psychological treatment method that focuses on identifying and changing negative thought patterns and behaviours. This approach combines principles from cognitive and behavioural therapies to help indivi . . .
• Cognitive-behavioral methods: Cognitive-behavioral methods : Cognitive-behavioral methods are techniques that emphasize the role of thinking in the etiology and maintenance of problems and attempt to modify the patterns of thinking that are believed to contribute to a . . .
• Cognitive-behavioral perspective: Cognitive-behavioral perspective : Cognitive-behavioral perspective refers to a theoretical perspective in which it is assumed that abnormality is caused by maladaptive thought processes that result in dysfunctional behavior
• Cognitive-developmental theory: Cognitive-developmental theory refers to the stage theory that holds that the child's abilities to mentally represent the world and solve problems unfold as a result of the interaction of experience and the maturation of neurological struct . . .
• Cognitive-functional approach: Cognitive-functional approach refers to an assessment approach that calls for the functional analysis of the client's thinking processes. In this approach, the clinician completes a careful analysis of the person's cognitions, how they are . . .
• Cognitive-relaxation: In the realm of psychology, cognitive-relaxation refers to a set of techniques and practices aimed at reducing cognitive stress and promoting mental well-being
• Cognitive-relaxation coping skills training (CRCS): Cognitive-relaxation coping skills training: Cognitive-relaxation coping skills training (CRCS) : Cognitive-relaxation coping skills training (CRCS) refers to an intervention program designed to reduce anger, which involves teaching peopl . . .
• Cognitive–behavioral therapy group: Cognitive–behavioral therapy group: Cognitive –behavioral therapy group refers to the treatment of interpersonal and psychological problems through the application of behavioral principles in a group setting
• Depressive cognitive triad: Depressive cognitive triad refers to thinking errors by depressed people negatively focused in three (3) areas: themselves, their immediate world, and their future
• Developmental cognitive neuroscience: Developmental cognitive neuroscience: Developmental cognitive neuroscience : Developmental Cognitive neuroscience is the perspective that takes data from a variety of sources- molecular biology, cell biology, artificial intelligence, evolut . . .
• Elementary cognitive tasks (ECTs): Elementary cognitive tasks: Elementary cognitive tasks (ECTs) : Elementary cognitive tasks (ECTs) refer to simple laboratory tests designed to measure participants' response times as they make presumably simple decisions - the low-level, . . .
• Experimental cognitive psychology: Experimental cognitive psychology refers to one of the four (4) approaches in the study of human cognition that involves carrying out experiments on normal individuals, generally under laboratory conditions
• General cognitive index (GCI): The General cognitive index (GCI) refers to a standard score with a mean of 100 and standard deviation of 16 in McCarthy's Scales of Children's Abilities
• Hierarchical model of cognitive abilities: Hierarchical model of cognitive abilities : Hierarchical model of cognitive abilities refers to the model that proposes that intelligence is composed of specific cognitive abilities (for example, verbal, spatial, speed of processing, memo . . .
• Homogeneity of cognitive function: Homogeneity of cognitive function refers to the assumption in stage theories that a child's cognition is relatively homogeneous, or even, across different tasks and contexts
• Negative cognitive schemata: Negative cognitive schemata are stable structures in memory that guide information processing, including self-critical beliefs and attitudes, in a way that is consistent with the negative self-image of the subject
• Negative cognitive style: Negative cognitive style refers to a style of processing information in which people attribute their problems to stable and global causes, anticipate dreadful consequences, and believe the problems reflect their own personal shortcomings
• Negative cognitive triad: Negative cognitive triad refers to negative views about oneself, the world, and the future that are characteristic of youngsters with depression. These views maintain feelings of helplessness, undermine the child’s mood and energy level, . . .
• Piaget's Theory of cognitive development: Piaget's Theory of cognitive development: Piaget's Theory of cognitive development : Piaget's Theory of Cognitive development refers to the perspective proposed by Jean Piaget (1896 to 1980) that thinking develops in a sequence of stages
• Social cognitive neuroscience: Social cognitive neuroscience : Social cognitive neuroscience refers to the field of study that explores the neurological processes associated with the ways we perceive social information and reason about others
• Social cognitive theory: Social cognitive theory refers to an approach to personality that focused on the role of modeling on behavior as well as the role of social influences, expectations, and interpretations on behavior
• Socio-cognitive conflict: A Socio-cognitive conflict refers to intellectual Conflict created as a result of being exposed to the differing views of other people. Socio-cognitive conflict refers to the mental discomfort or dissonance experienced by individuals when t . . .
• The Cognitive Model: The Cognitive Model: The Cognitive Model states that our problems can be traced to our thinking processes. If we are what we think we are, then all problems are a result of faulty thinking processes
• Metacognitive training: metacognitive training refers to instruction in techniques that help to improve memory and learning, including how to coordinate learned skills across learning situations
• Cognitive tasks: Cognitive tasks means helping bereaved persons by assisting with efforts to obtain information about the loss or death- Description- Cognitive tasks refer to mental processes that involve acquiring, storing, retrieving, and using . . .
• Cognitively based attitude: Cognitively based attitude refers to an attitude based primarily on people's beliefs about the properties of an attitude object
• Metacognitive Knowledge: Metacognitive Knowledge refers to person"s knowledge and Awareness of cognitive processes. Metacognitive Knowledge is likewise, the knowledge about the usefulness of various cognitive pro cesses relevant to learning
• Cognitive revolution: Cognitive revolution: Cognitive revolution refers to a movement in psychology that culminated after World War II, characterized by a belief in the empirical Accessibility of mental states and events
• Cognitive influences on perception: Cognitive influences on perception: Cognitive influences on perception is refers to the "how" the knowledge, memories , and expectations that a person brings to a situation influence his or her perception
• Cognitive learning: Cognitive learning: Cognitive learning refers to hHigher-level learning that involves thinking, knowing, understanding, and anticipation.
• Cognitive overload: Cognitive overload: Cognitive overload refers to the breakdown of cognitive processing that occurs when the available information exceeds processing capacity
• Cognitive processes: Cognitive processes refers to mental processes that acquire, organize, and integrate information. Cognitive processes include memory systems that store data and the psychological mechanisms that process this information
• Cognitive self-regulation: Cognitive self-regulation: Cognitive self-regulation refers to the skill at identifying goals, selecting effective strategies, and accurate monitoring- a characteristic of successful students
• Cognitive shift: Cognitive shift: Cognitive shift refers to a biased interpretation of life experiences, occurring when individuals shift their focus from unbiased to more biased information about themselves or their world
• Cognitive simplicity: Cognitive simplicity: Cognitive simplicity refers to a cognitive style or way of construing the environment which is characterized by a relative inability to perceive differences among people
• Cognitive strategies: Cognitive strategies: Cognitive strategies refer to the processes involved in learning and remembering which include procedures for identifying problems, selecting approaches to their solution, monitoring progress in solving problems, and . . .
• Sociocognitive model of dissociative identity disorder: Sociocognitive model of dissociative identity disorder: Sociocognitive model of dissociative identity disorder refers to the view that an person who appears to have dissociative identity disorder might be enacting a social role
• Cognitive ability: Cognitive ability: Cognitive ability refers to abilities involving the knowledge and use of information, such as math and grammar.
• Cognitive ability tests: Cognitive ability tests refer to tests designed to measure the level of intelligence or the amount of knowledge possessed by an applicant.
• Cognitive competencies: Cognitive competencies: Cognitive competencies are person's knowledge, skills, and abilities.
• Cognitive coping: Cognitive coping: Cognitive coping is the idea that beliefs play a central role in
• Cognitive illusions: Cognitive illusions: Cognitive illusions refers to the systematic biases and errors in human decision making.
• Cognitive theory: Cognitive theory: Cognitive theory is a theory proposing that our thoughts are responsible for our behaviors.
• Cognitive-structural approach: Cognitive-structural approach refers to an approach to intelligence that emphasizes the ways in which people conceptualize problems and focuses on modes or styles of thinking
• Cognitively Oriented Curriculum: Cognitively Oriented Curriculum refers to a curriculum that attempts to blend the virtues of purposeful teaching with open-ended, child-initiated activities
• Cognitive constraint: Cognitive constraint: Cognitive constraint is a bias that children are assumed to use to infer the meanings of words.
• Cognitive effects associated with stress: Cognitive effects associated with stress: Cognitive effects associated with stress refers to one of the four (4) major kinds of effects which are associated with stress characterized as follows: 1
• Cognitive equilibrium: Cognitive equilibrium refers to Piaget’s term for the state of affairs in which there is a balanced, or harmonious, relationship between one’s thought processes and the environment
• Cognitive theories: Cognitive theories refer to theories that focus on belief systems and ways of thinking or thought patterns as the causes of abnormal behavior.
• Cognitive-behavioral assessment: Cognitive-behavioral assessment : Cognitive-behavioral assessment refers to an assessment approach recognizing that the person's thoughts or cognitions play an important role in behavior
• Cognitive heuristics: Cognitive heuristics: Cognitive heuristics refers to efficient problem-solving strategies that generally yield accurate solutions but can produce judgmental errors
• Cognitive Bias: Cognitive Bias: Cognitive bias in psychology refers to systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment, whereby individuals create their own "subjective reality" from their perception of the information they process
• Cognitive component: The cognitive component in psychology refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses
• Cognitive Load: Cognitive load in the psychology context refers to the amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. It is a crucial concept in understanding how people learn, process information, and perform tasks
• Cognitive Mapping: Cognitive Mapping refers to the type of mapping which is used in city planning to learn how the public feels about places, landmarks, and other natural features
• Cognitive Process: Cognitive Process: A Cognitive process refers to the mental activities involved in acquiring, processing, storing, and retrieving information. These processes encompass various functions such as perception, memory, reasoning, decision- . . .
• Cognitive Processing: Cognitive Processing: Cognitive processing in psychology refers to the mental activities involved in acquiring, storing, transforming, and using information
• Cognitive Response: Cognitive Response refers to the thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes that individuals generate in response to a given stimulus or message. In the psychology context, it is the mental process by which people interpret, analyze, and make . . .
• Cognitive training program: Cognitive training program in psychology refers to structured activities and exercises designed to enhance specific cognitive functions such as memory, attention, problem-solving, and executive functions
• Metacognitive awareness: Metacognitive awareness is defined as the ability to monitor one's own behavior and performance.
• Mild cognitive impairment (MCI): Mild cognitive impairment: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) : Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a term that implies an intermediary, and perhaps transitional, stage between normal aging and dementia
• Negative cognitive shift: Negative cognitive shift refers to a state in which individuals ignore positive information relative to themselves and focus on negative information about themselves
• Neurocognitive dream theory: Neurocognitive dream theory refers to the proposal that dreams reflect everyday waking thoughts and emotions.
• Cognitive distortion: Cognitive distortions refer to systematic errors in reasoning, often stemming from early childhood errors in reasoning- an indication of inaccurate or ineffective information processing

Summary

Cognitive psychology is a field that examines mental processes such as memory, attention, problem-solving, and decision-making. It focuses on understanding how individuals acquire, process, store, and retrieve information. Cognitive psychologists explore how people think, understand, and make sense of their world. Through various application areas such as education, clinical psychology, and neuroscience, cognitive psychology plays a vital role in improving human understanding and behavior.

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