Glossary P

Provocative victims (of aggression) refer to restless, hot-tempered, and oppositional children who are victimized because they are disliked and usually irritate their peers

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Proxemics is defined as the study of the use of personal space when communicating; systematic study of the human use of space, particularly in social settings: a. Intimate space (0-8 inches) b. Casual-personal distance (1-4 feet) c. Impersonal or social-consultative (4 to 12 feet) d. Public distance (past 12 feet) e. Vary culturally (men v. woman, African-Americans v. Latin Americans, powerful v. not powerful)

Proximal means near the trunk or center, close to the origin of attachment located close (approximate) to the point of origin or attachment; nearest to the midline or point of reference; the forearm is proximal to the hand. .

Deutsch: Proximale Entwicklung / Español: Desarrollo próximo / Português: Desenvolvimento proximal / Français: Développement proximal / Italian: Sviluppo prossimale

Proximal Development refers to the concept of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), introduced by Soviet Psychologist Lev Vygotsky. It describes the range of tasks that a learner can perform with the help of a more knowledgeable other but cannot yet perform independently. This concept is fundamental in understanding how learning and development occur through social interactions and guided support.

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Proximal stimulus is the reception of information and its Registration by a sense organ, for example, retinal images in the case of vision.

Proximate questions refer to questions in science that ask how a behavior works rather than why it works.

Proximity is defined as geographical nearness. Proximity refers to geographic, residential, and other forms of spatial closeness; the hysical distance between people. Proximity more precisely, "functional distance", powerfully predicts liking.

Proximity effect refers to the tendency to feel emotionally close to those who are physically near.