Glossary R
Glossary R
Deutsch: Retina / Español: Retina / Português: Retina / Français: Rétine / Italiano: Retina
The retina is a complex network of cells that covers the inside back of the eye. These cells include the receptors, which generate an electrical signal in response to light, as well as the horizontal, bipolar, amacrine, and ganglion cells.
In psychology, the retina is not often discussed solely within the context of psychological theories or concepts but rather as a critical part of the visual system that impacts perception and cognitive processes. The retina is a layer at the back of the eyeball containing cells that are sensitive to light and that trigger nerve impulses that pass via the optic nerve to the brain, where a visual image is formed.
Retribution refers to a justification for punishment that argues the guilty must be punished not, or not only, for instrumental ends, but because criminal actions simply 'deserve' to be punished.
Deutsch: Abruf / Español: Recuperación / Português: Recuperação / Français: Récupération / Italiano: Recupero
The processes by which stored information is brought back to conscious awareness.
In psychology, retrieval refers to the process of accessing and bringing into conscious awareness information that has been stored in memory. It is a key component of the memory process, which also includes encoding (the initial learning or experiencing of information) and storage (the maintenance of information over time).
Deutsch: Abrufhinweis / Español: Clave de recuperación / Português: Pista de recuperação / Français: Indice de récupération / Italiano: Spunto di recupero
A retrieval cue in the psychology context refers to any stimulus or hint that helps trigger the recall of information stored in memory. Retrieval cues can be internal (thoughts, emotions) or external (sounds, sights) and serve to assist the brain in accessing memories by associating them with specific contexts, sensory inputs, or mental states.
Deutsch: retrospektiv / Español: retrospectivo / Português: retrospectivo / Français: rétrospectif / Italiano: retrospettivo
In the psychology context, retrospective refers to looking back at or analyzing past events, behaviors, or experiences to understand current psychological states, behaviors, or mental health conditions. Retrospective methods are often used in research and therapy to gather information about past occurrences and their impact on an individual's present psychological functioning.