Glossary K

Known-group validity refers to a form of validity in which test scores from two (2) contrasting groups "known" to differ on a construct are compared.

Lawrence Kohlberg was born in 1927 at Bronxville, New York and died in 1987 at Boston, Massachusetts .

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Köhler effect refers to an increase in performance by groups working on conjunctive tasks that require persistence but little coordination of effort and is likely due to the increased effort expended by the less capable members.

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Koniocellular neurons refer to ganglion cells located throughout the retina

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Koran refers to the holy book of Islam. Koran is also spelled Quran or Qur’an.

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Korsakoff psychosis refers to an amnestic disorder caused by damage to the Thalamus as a result of chronic, heavy alcohol use.

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Korsakoff's syndrome refers to a permanent form of Dementia associated with long-term alcohol use in which the person develops retrograde and anterograde amnesia, leading to an inability to remember recent events or learn new information.

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Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926) published a list of categories of mental illness in 1883. Until recent times, many clinicians used this list to diagnose mental illness. Today the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (2000) serves the same purpose. Kraepelin was also a pioneer in the field known today as Psychopharmacology.