Glossary / Lexicon

Deutsch: Beziehung / Español: Relación / Português: Relação / Français: Relation / Italiano: Relazione /

The term "relation" refers to the way individuals connect, interact, or associate with one another or with various elements in their environment. Understanding relations is essential for comprehending how people form connections, process information, develop social bonds, and navigate the complexities of their surroundings. This concept is fundamental in psychology and can be examined from various perspectives. Here, we will explore the concept of relation in psychology, provide examples, and list some related concepts and theories.

Examples of Relations in Psychology:

1. Social Relations: Social relations refer to how individuals interact and relate to one another within a social context. This can include friendships, family relationships, romantic partnerships, and interactions with colleagues or peers. For example, studying the dynamics of friendship relations can help psychologists understand how social support, trust, and communication impact mental well-being.

2. Parent-Child Relations: The parent-child relationship is a critical aspect of psychological development. Examining this relation helps psychologists understand attachment styles, parenting strategies, and their influence on a child's emotional and cognitive development.

3. Peer Relations: Peer relations involve how individuals interact with others of similar age or social status. Psychologists often study peer relations in childhood and adolescence to explore topics like peer pressure, peer acceptance, and the impact of peer groups on identity formation.

4. Interpersonal Relations: Interpersonal relations encompass the interactions between two or more individuals. These relations can be positive (e.g., friendships, romantic relationships) or negative (e.g., conflicts, bullying). The study of interpersonal relations delves into communication patterns, empathy, and conflict resolution.

5. Teacher-Student Relations: The relationship between educators and students significantly impacts the learning process. Research on teacher-student relations explores how teacher-student interactions, trust, and support influence academic achievement and students' emotional well-being.

6. Patient-Therapist Relations: In therapy and counseling, the relationship between the therapist and the client is crucial. The therapeutic alliance, characterized by trust, empathy, and collaboration, plays a pivotal role in achieving positive outcomes in psychotherapy.

7. Self-Relation: Self-relation involves an individual's perception of themselves and their internal dialogue. Self-esteem, self-concept, and self-efficacy are examples of self-relations that influence behavior, motivation, and mental health.

8. Cognitive Relations: Cognitive psychology examines how individuals process information and form relations between concepts, ideas, and memories. For instance, understanding how people associate a stimulus with a response in classical conditioning is an essential concept in behavioral psychology.

9. Emotional Relations: Emotional relations pertain to how individuals perceive, express, and manage their emotions in response to various situations and stimuli. Emotional intelligence, for example, involves recognizing and regulating emotions in oneself and others.

10. Social Cognitive Theory: Albert Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory explores how individuals learn from observing others (observational learning) and how they form relations between behaviors, consequences, and outcomes. This theory has significant implications for understanding social behavior and modeling.

Related Concepts and Theories:

1. Attachment Theory: Attachment theory, developed by John Bowlby, focuses on the early parent-child relationship and its impact on emotional development and future relationships. It explores how attachment styles formed in infancy influence adult relationships and mental health.

2. Social Exchange Theory: Social exchange theory posits that individuals engage in relationships based on a cost-benefit analysis. It examines how people evaluate the rewards and costs of relationships and make decisions about investing time and effort.

3. Social Identity Theory: Social identity theory, proposed by Henri Tajfel and John Turner, explores how individuals categorize themselves and others into social groups, leading to in-group favoritism and out-group discrimination. It addresses the relation between group membership and self-concept.

4. Social Learning Theory: Social learning theory, developed by Albert Bandura, emphasizes observational learning and the role of modeling and reinforcement in shaping behavior. It explores how individuals acquire new behaviors and attitudes through observation and imitation of others.

5. Social Network Analysis: Social network analysis examines the structure of social relationships within a group or community. It uses mathematical models to study how individuals are connected and the flow of information, influence, or resources within networks.

6. Interpersonal Communication: Interpersonal communication theories focus on how individuals exchange information, emotions, and meaning in social interactions. These theories explore verbal and nonverbal communication, active listening, and conflict resolution.

7. Social Support: Social support theory examines the role of social relationships in providing emotional, instrumental, and informational assistance during times of stress or need. Strong social support relations have been linked to improved mental and physical health outcomes.

8. Social Influence: Social influence refers to how individuals affect each other's attitudes, behaviors, and opinions. It encompasses concepts like conformity, compliance, and obedience, exploring the dynamics of persuasion and group influence.

9. Transactional Analysis: Transactional analysis is a psychological theory that focuses on analyzing and improving interpersonal relations. It uses the concept of ego states to understand and communicate effectively in various social interactions.

10. Socialization: Socialization is the process through which individuals learn and internalize social norms, values, and behaviors. It involves the relation between culture, family, peer groups, and societal influences in shaping an individual's identity and behavior.

Articles with 'Relation' in the title

• Abusive relationship: Abusive relationship is a relationship in which one person becomes aggressive toward the other partner
• Attributive relations: Attributive relations refer to relations between words that indicate the attributes of a given word,such as square as an attribute for table. In the context of psychology, attributive relations refer to the ways in which individuals make . . .
• Authority relations: Authority relations refer to all the hierarchical relationships that give one person decision-making authority and supervisory control over another. In the psychology context, "authority relations" refers to the ways in which power and . . .
• Biserial correlation: Biserial correlation refers to an index used to express the relationship between a Continuous variable and an artificially dichotomous variable.
• Causal relationship: Causal relationship refers to a relationship between variables in which changes in a second variable are due directly to changes in a first variable
• Cause-and-effect relationship: Cause-and-effect relationship refers to the result of a well-controlled experiment about which the researcher can confidently state that the Independent variable caused the change in the dependent variable
• Coefficient of correlation (r): Coefficient of correlation (r) : Coefficient of correlation (r) is a mathematical expression indicating the magnitude of correlation between two (2) variables
• Communal relationship: Communal relationship refers to an interpersonal association between individuals who are more concerned with what their partner gets rather than what they themselves receive or relationships in which people's primary concern is being . . .
• Correlation: correlation is the degree to which two (2) variables are associated. In a Positive correlation, the two (2) variables increase or decrease together while in a Negative correlation, one variable decreases as the other increases
• Correlation coefficient: Correlation coefficient refers to the statistics that measures the strength of relations between two measures, example, intelligence and school achievement) expressed in a positive or negative ratio from-1.0 to _1.0
• Correlation matrix: Correlation matrix: Correlation matrix refers to an array that displays the correlations between all possible pairs of variables in the array.
• Cross-lagged-panel correlation procedure: Cross-lagged-panel correlation procedure: Cross-lagged-panel correlation procedure refers to procedure that involves several correlations that help determine the direction of possible causality among variables
• Cumulative relation: Cumulative relation is a term in heredity, when the allelic states of a gene in a single pair of chromosomes combine to influence a trait.
• Curvilinear relationship: Curvilinear relationship a term in a scatter plot or the data for a correlation, a pattern in which the data points tend to cluster in a curved line.
• Disengaged relationships: Disengaged relationships refer to relationships characterized by infrequent contact and a sense that the members of the family do not really seem to care about one another
• Dose-response relationship: Dose-response relationship refers to a direct, consistent relationship between an independent variable, such as a behavior, and a dependent variable, such as an illness
• Dual relationships: Dual relationships refers to an ethical "hotspot" that states that clinicians/therapists should avoid not having other relationships outside the professional arena with clients
• Dyadic relationships: Dyadic relationships is defined as relationships that develop between two (2) people. In psychology, a dyadic relationship is a close, two-person relationship between individuals who interact with and influence each other
• Empathy-helping relationship: Empathy-helping relationship: Empathy
• Enmeshed relationships: Enmeshed relationships refer to a relationships which is characterized by over-involvement in one another to the extent that any change in one family member is met by strong resistance by the others
• Exchange relationship: Exchange relationship refers to a relationship governed by the need for equity (ie. for an equal ratio of rewards and costs)
• Exchange relationships: Exchange relationships is defined as relationships in which members give with an expectation that they will receive a comparable benefit in the near future
• Figure-ground relationship: Figure-ground relationship refers to the most basic type of Perception which consist of the division of the perceptual field into a figure (that which is attended to) and a ground, which provides the background for the figure
• Functional relations: Functional relations refer to relations among words that indicate what can be done with the referent of a word. For example, words such as sitting, rest, and rocking indicate what can be done with a chair
• Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation (FIRO): Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation (FIRO): Fundamental Interpersonal Relations
• I/Thou relationship: I/Thou relationship refers to an authentic relationship in which one listens to another without an overlay of expectations or presumptions. The listener experiences the other’s described experience and transcends his own sense of self
• Illusory correlation: Illusory Correlation . refers to the perception of a relationship where None exists. It is the tendency to see relationships, or correlations, between events that are actually unrelated- Illusory correlations help explain many . . .
• Intergroup relations: Intergroup relations refers to relations between groups or between individuals who are members of different groups and who are interacting in terms of their respective group memberships
• Interpersonal relationships: Interpersonal relationships is how one person interacts with family, friends, colleagues, teachers, or others.
• Investment model of close relationships: Investment model of close relationships according to this model, satisfaction and stability in a relationship depend on the degree to which its partners feel committed to the relationship
• Leader–member relations: Leader–member relations is the variable in Fiedler’s contingency model that refers to the extent to which subordinates like a leader.
• Linear relationship: Linear relationship is a term in a scatter plot of the data for a correlational study that refers to a pattern in which the data points tend to cluster around a straight line
• Mind-body relationship: Mind-body relationship is the philosophical position regarding whether the mind and body operate indistinguishably as a single system or whether they act as two (2) separate systems
• Monotonic relationship: Monotonic relationship refers to consistently one-directional relationship between two (2) variables. As one variable increases, the other variable also tends to increase or tends to decrease
• Negative relationship: Negative relationship is a term used In a Correlational study, when there is a tendency for two (2) variables to change in opposite directions.
• Nontraditional relationship: Nontraditional relationships refer to any relationships other than a monogamous, legal marriage between a man and a woman
• Object relation: Object relation refers to modern development in
• Object relations: Object relations refers to one's unconscious representations of important people in one's life. Object relations is a theoretical approach in psychology that focuses on how people's relationships with others, particularly in early . . .
• Object relations theories: Object relations theories are outgrowths of psychoanalytic theory that focus more on relationships with the objects, such as the mother which satisfy instinctual needs, rather than on the needs themselves
• Object relations theory: Object relations theory: Object relations Theory refers to a modern Adaptation of psychoanalytic Theory that places less emphasis on the drives of Aggression and Sexuality as motivational forces and more emphasis o- n human relationships . . .
• Pearson correlation: Pearson correlation refers to a correlation used to evaluate linear (straight-line) relationships.
• Pearson product moment correlation: Pearson product moment correlation is an index of correlation between two (2) continuous variables.
• Positive relationship: Positive relationship is a term in a correlational study used when there is a tendency for the two (2) variables to change in the same direction.
• Relational disorders: Relational disorders refer to disorders that occur in the context of relationships, such as child abuse and neglect. Relational disorders signify the connection between children"s beh- avior patterns and the availability of a suitable . . .
• Relational primacy hypothesis: Relational primacy hypothesis refers to the hypothesis that analogical reasoning is available early in infancy.
• Relational processing: Relational processing refers to a form of gesture used in conversation to refer to some aspect of the content of a conversation.
• Relational resilience: Relational resilience is growing in a relationship and being able to move forward despite setbacks. Resilience also concerns recognizing when relationships are not mutual and moving on from them
• Relational responses: Relational responses refer to comments on issues that arise in the therapeutic hour which reflect the therapist-patient relationship, rather than just making transference and countertransference interpretations
• Relational self-worth: Relational self-worth: Relational self-worth is the feelings of self-worth and self-esteem within a particular relationship context, for example, relationship with parents, or with female officemate which may differ across relationship . . .
• Relational shift: Relational shift is a term in analogical reasoning that refers to the proposal that there is in development a shift from focusing on perceptual similarity to relational similarity to solve problems
• Relational-organizational hypothesis: Relational-organizational hypothesis refers to the idea that visual imagery aids memory by producing a greater number of associations.
• Relationality: Relationality refers to the degree to which one's values, attitudes, and outlooks emphasize, and facilitate establishing and maintaining, connections to others
• Relationship: In psychology, a relationship refers to the way in which two or more people or entities interact with each other. Relationships can be both personal and professional and can vary in their nature and intensity
• Relationship building: Relationship building refers to the manner in which clinicians brings themselves into the counseling relationship and relate with the client. Gelso and Carter state that this working alliance exist throughout the stages of the counseling . . .
• Relationship Enhancement: Relationship Enhancement: Relationship enhancement in the psychology context refers to the strategies, techniques, and interventions aimed at improving the quality, satisfaction, and overall health of relationships
• Relationship factors: Relationship factors is a term in a common factors approach that refer to attributes of the therapeutic interaction that include the therapist’s skills that affect the client’s improvement
• Relationship interaction: Relationship interaction refer to the actions performed by group members that relate to or influence the emotional and interpersonal bonds within the group, including both positive actions, examples are social support, consideration and . . .
• Relationship maintenance: Relationship maintenance refer to the actions and activities used to sustain the desired quality of a relationship.
• Relationship orientation: In the psychology context, relationship orientation refers to an individual's approach, attitude, and predisposition towards forming and maintaining interpersonal relationships
• Relationship role: Relationship role refers to any position in a group occupied by a member who performs behaviors that improve the nature and quality of interpersonal relations among members, such as showing concern for the feelings of others, reducing . . .
• Relationship superiority bias: Relationship superiority bias refers to a tendency to assume that one's own romantic relationship is better than other people's.
• Relationship-enhancing style of attribution: Relationship-enhancing style of attribution refers to the tendency of happy couples to attribute their partner’s good acts to internal factors and bad acts to external factors
• Relationship-oriented leader: Relationship-oriented leader refers to a leader who is concerned primarily with the feelings of and relationships between the workers.
• Supportive Relationship: In the context of psychology, a supportive relationship refers to a relationship characterized by empathy, encouragement, and assistance. These relationships are fundamental to psychological well-being, promoting emotional health and . . .
• Therapeutic Relationship: In the context of psychology, a therapeutic relationship refers to the professional relationship between a therapist and a client, which is central to the process and effectiveness of therapy
• Withdrawal-destructiveness relationship: Withdrawal-destructiveness relationship: Withdrawal-destructiveness relationship refers to the Fromm's theory where a relationship is characterized by distance, apathy, or aggression
• Working model of a close relationship: Working model of a close relationship refers to a infant's working model from his or her early attachments when the he or she develops a mental representation, schema, or working model of what a close relationship is all about which are . . .

Weblinks

• information-lexikon.de: 'Relation' in the information-lexikon.de (German)
• allerwelt-lexikon.de: 'Beziehung' in the allerwelt-lexikon.de (German)
• maritime-glossary.com: 'Relation' in the maritime-glossary.com
• environment-database.eu: 'Relation' in the glossary of the environment-database.eu

Summary

the concept of relation in psychology encompasses a wide range of interpersonal and intrapersonal dynamics that play a fundamental role in human behavior, development, and well-being. Understanding these relations and their associated theories and concepts provides valuable insights into how individuals connect with one another and navigate the complexities of the social world.

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