Glossary D

Defensive attribution refers to the tendency to blame victims for their misfortune, so that one feels less likely to be victimized in a similar way.

Defensive bias the tendency for people to perceive themselves as personally and situationally similar to someone who is having difficulty or trouble

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Defensive high self -esteem refers to a positive self-view that is fragile and vulnerable to threat

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Defensive pessimism refers to the Fear that one is apt to fail despite a strong history of success.

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Defensiveness refers to an excessive concern with protecting oneself from being hurt.

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Deferred imitation refers to a child’s ability to imitate the actions they have observed others perform.

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Deutsch: Trotz / Español: Desafío / Português: Desafio / Français: Défi / Italiano: Sfida

In the psychology context, defiance refers to a behavior characterized by resistance against authority or opposition to the norms and expectations set by others, such as parents, teachers, or societal rules. It is often discussed in relation to developmental stages, particularly in childhood and adolescence, but can also be relevant in understanding behaviors in adults.

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In the psychology context, defiant refers to a pattern of behavior characterized by open resistance or bold disobedience against authority or established norms. Defiance can be seen across various age groups but is particularly noted in discussions of child and adolescent behavior. In clinical settings, persistently defiant behavior may be associated with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), a condition identified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). ODD is characterized by a frequent and persistent pattern of anger, irritability, arguing, defiance, or vindictiveness toward authority figures, which goes beyond typical childhood rebelliousness.

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