Glossary E

Expectancy-value theory refers to cognitive approach to motivation that describes decision-making as involving a sort of mental calculus where the most important factors are expectancy of success (feelings of self efficacy) on the one hand, and the values associated with the various options on the other.

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Deutsch: Erwartung / Español: Expectativa / Português: Expectativa / Français: Attente / Italiano: Aspettativa /

The term "expectation" refers to an individual's anticipation or belief regarding a future event, outcome, or situation. Expectations play a significant role in shaping human behavior, emotions, and cognitive processes. Psychologists study expectations to understand how they influence perception, decision-making, motivation, and emotional responses. This concept is essential for comprehending various aspects of human psychology.

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Expectation-lowering procedure refers to a technique that lowers an applicant’s expectations about work and expectations in general

Expectation-states theory refers to an explanation of status differentiation in groups which assumes that group members allocate status to group members judged to be competent at the task at hand and to group members who have qualities that the members think are indicators of competence and potential.

Expectations may refer to (1) what the investigator or the research participant anticipates about the experimental outcome; and (2) views held by oneself or by others about what would be appropriate behavior in a given situation or at a given stage of development.

Expected utility theory refers to a normative model of decision making in which the decision maker weights the personal importance and the probabilities of different outcomes in choosing among alternatives in order to maximize overall satisfaction of personal goals.

Deutsch: Erfahrung / Español: experiencia / Português: experiência / Français: expérience / Italiano: esperienza

In psychology, experience refers to the conscious events and interactions that shape an individual's perception, emotions, and behaviors. It encompasses both the immediate sensations and the accumulated knowledge derived from past events. Experiences can be sensory, emotional, or cognitive, and they play a crucial role in forming one's identity and worldview. They are central to understanding human behavior, as they influence decision-making, learning, and interpersonal relationships.

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Deutsch: Erfahrungsabhängig / Español: Dependiente de la experiencia / Português: Dependente da experiência / Français: Dépendant de l'expérience / Italiano: Esperienza dipendente /

Experience-dependent is the neural connections that develop in response to experience.

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