Glossary C

Criterion-referenced approach refers to a categorical system of diagnosis, stemming from the traditional medical-scientific method of organizing, naming, and communicating information as objectively as possible, which requires matching client presentations to sets of observation criteria.

Criterion-referenced grading that which determines the quality of a pupil's performance by comparing it to pre-established standards of mastery.

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Criterion-referenced test is defined as a test that describes the specific types of skills, tasks, or knowledge of an individual relative to a well-defined mastery criterion. The content of Criterion-referenced tests is limited to certain well-defined objectives.

Criterion-related validity refers to the test which is shown to be statistically related to some criterion of successful job performance.

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Critical period refers to period of development during which certain basic structures are formed or a child is most vulnerable or responsive to environmental influences it refers to Lenneberg's hypothesis that language development has a biological basis and there is a time in infancy when particular neurological faculties develop.

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Critical (sensitive) period is defined as the time in development which is often early in life when a certain skill or ability is most easily acquired.

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Critical ethical and legal issues refer to ethical concerns that have significantly impacted the work of the clinician and are usually found to be associated with important legal issues. It include the following: breach of confidentiality, confidentiality of records, privileged communication, confinement against one’s will, and the importance of malpractice insurance.

Critical experiment refers to a key experiment that purports to distinguish among competing theories

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