Glossary I

Instrumental role refers to a a social prescription, often directed toward males, that one should be dominant, independent, assertive, competitive, and goal-oriented

Instrumental style is a term in Path–Goal Theory, a leadership style in which the leader plans and organizes the activities of employees.

Instrumental values refer to the values placed on doing things that are challenging, reflected in the amount of time spent on and the degree of satisfaction achieved in such actions.

Instrumentality refers to a style of communication that focuses on reaching practical goals and finding solutions to problems.

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Instrumentation refers to a threat to internal validity from changes in the measurement instrument that occur during the time a research study is being conducted. Instrumentation is also known as Instrumental bias or Instrumental decay.

Insubordination refers to a deliberate and inexcusable defiance of or refusal to obey a school rule, authority, or a reasonable order. It includes but is not limited to direct defiance of school authority, failure to attend assigned detention or on-campus supervision, failure to respond to a call slip, and physical or verbal intimidation/abuse.

Deutsch: Unzureichender Rechtfertigungseffekt / Español: Efecto de justificación insuficiente / Português: Efeito de justificação insuficiente / Français: Effet de justification insuffisante / Italiano: Effetto di giustificazione insufficiente /

Insufficient justification effect refers to the reduction of dissonance by internally justifying one's behavior when external justification is "insufficient".

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Insufficient punishment refers to the dissonance aroused when individuals lack sufficient external justification for having resisted a desired activity or object, usually resulting in individuals devaluing the forbidden activity or object