Glossary O

Glossary O

Oral stage refers to the first of Freud's psychosexual stages, during which the mouth is the major erogenous zone - the major source of physical pleasure.

Oralist method is an approach to language education for the deaf that focuses on the development of the ability to produce speech and read lips.

Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) refers to ab area in the frontal lobe, near the eyes, that receives signals originating in the olfactory receptors. Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is also known as the Secondary olfactory cortex.

Deutsch: Ordnung / Español: Orden / Português: Ordem / Français: Ordre / Italiano: Ordine /

Order refers to fixed or definite plan; system; law of arrangement." In terms of systems, order is a state space where a system exhibits clarity, certainty, or stability.

In the psychology context, the order effect refers to how the sequence in which stimuli, information, or experiences are presented can influence individuals' perceptions, memory, judgments, and decision-making. This phenomenon is particularly relevant in research design, surveys, psychological testing, and everyday decision-making processes. Order effects can significantly impact the outcomes of experiments and the reliability of psychological assessments, highlighting the importance of considering sequence as a potential variable or confound.

Order effects. Please see Testing effects. Whenever individuals participate in a series of treatment conditions and experience a series of measurements, their behavior or performance at any point in the series may be influenced by experience that occurred earlier in the sequence. Order effects include carryover effects and progressive error.

Ordinal measure is defined as a level of measurement describing a variable with attributes we can rank-order along some dimension. An example would be Socio-economic status as composed of the attributes high, medium, low. Please see nominal measure, interval measure, and ratio measure.

Ordinal scale is defined as a scale of measurement on which the categories have different names and are organized sequentially, such as first, second, third, etc.

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